To
analyze or repair a system failure, you might need to boot into the system.
But, what if the boot loader is corrupt or what if the filesystem can’t be
mounted anymore? Red Hat Enterprise Linux includes alternative boot methods for
system repair: rescue mode, single user mode, and emergency mode.
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The rsync Utility
The rsync Utility
When
developing backup scripts, consider using the rsync utility. The rsync utility
allows you to copy from the local system to a remote system or copy between two
local directories. If the files exist in the destination directory, rsync only
transfers the differences in the files, which is ideal for backups. The rsync
RPM package is required and should already be installed on your system.
After
the rsync command-line arguments are listed, the first directory listed is the
source, and the second directory listed is the destination. If either directory
is preceded by a hostname and a colon (:), the directory is a remote directory.
For example, to transfer all home directories to the backup/ directory on the
remote server backup.example.com:
The tar Utility and compression
The tar Utility
When
backing up data that is no longer being used or data that is not frequently changed,
consider creating a compressed archive file using the tar archive utility in combination
with one of the compression tools such as gzip or bzip2. Creating a compressed
archive file results in one file that must be decompressed and unarchived before
files can be restored from it. The compression of the files saves room on the backup
media. To use tar, the tar RPM package must be installed. It should be
installed on your system unless you chose to only install a specific set of
packages. The tar utility does not preserve access control lists.
Techniques for Backup and Recovery
When hardware components or security measures fail, every
administrator must be prepared to recover a system as quickly and efficiently
as possible. Preparing for a disaster means having a solid backup procedure and
a well- tested recovery process.
Because you can’t always detect when a failure will occur,
it is important to create backups on a regular basis depending on how often the
data changes and how much time it takes to complete the backup. All the files
on the system.
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What are Users and Groups in Linux
What Are Users and
Groups?
In addition to a Red Hat
Enterprise Linux system having a username for each user allowed access to a
system, each system has user groups. A user group is a group of one or more
users. A user can be a member of more than one group.
User groups can be any grouping
of users on which you decide: groups of users in a functional department,
groups in the same physical location, or groups based on security access. It is
important to plan the user groups for your company carefully before
implementing them because changing them means changing the groups associated
with files, which can sometimes lead to incorrect group permissions if they are
not changed correctly.
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